VCR, 'far and away the most important grapevine nursery in the world.'.

VCR

Remember the VCR (Video Cassette Recorder)? Yes? Well that dates you. Ever heard of Vinai Co-operativi Rauscedo VCR? No? You will.

VCR

Why will you hear of the Vivai Cooperativi Rauscedo? Because after 80 years of breeding and supplying the world with sanitary and un-virussed grapes (did you know that most Argentinian Malbec plant material comes from the VCR?), they are embarking on a programme to make resistant clones of all the best known varieties. They have already produced a PIWI resistant Pinot Noir and more than one Sauvignon Blancs. Imagine a world without chemical sprays and wines as good as anything today with no chemical residues. There may not be a choice sooner or later as products are outlawed (Systhane, Copper Sulphate) and others lose their effectiveness.

Rauscedo is a small town north of Pordenone just inside Friuli, an hour and a half from Venice. We have been wanting to pay them a visit after pilgrimages to Geisenheim, Geilweilerhof, Freiburg, Geneva NY and INRA Montpellier. These visits have been immensely exciting. Go if you can, especially if as in this case you can taste micro-vinifications of the grapes they have obtained through hybridisation, crossing etc.

Our trip originated in Venice taking one of the earlier No1.vaporettos down the Grand Canal to the Ferrovia. In any circumstances, one of the great journeys of the world but at 07.00 especially magical.

A pleasant rail journey passing through Conegliano, birthplace of Lorenzo da Ponte and centre of Glera production.

an awful lot of Glera really.

Rauscedo is a village a few Km from Casarsa and it was good to leave all thoughts of Prosecco behind, arriving at the Vivai Cooperativi where literally thousands of different varieties are produces in this vast vine nursery.

Our charming and knowledgeable guide was Dr. Stefano Battistella, Export Sales Manager.

The VCR brochure states

The “tale” of Rauscedo began in 1933 when in this small village of the province of Pordenone, in the region of Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, some families formed a cooperative that would become the greatest grape-growing concern in the world. This tale is still going on thanks to the work of 250 coopertive members who have another very important task: to guarantee the availability of a perfect product under the morphological, genetic and sanitary point of view in more than 30 wine-producing countries served by this company, a perfect product under morphologic, genetic and sanitary profile. Thanks to a potential of 1,200 hectares of nursery and 1,400 hectares of rootstocks, VCR is capable of producing over 80 million grafted vines subdivided into more than 4,000 combinations, The extent of nursery grounds, the very good climate, the members' high know-how allow to obtain the average yield of first choice grafted vines amounting to 75% with peaks exceeding 90%. These targets are unthinkable elsewhere. In almost 90 years of activity Vivai Cooperativi Rauscedo has become far and away the most important grapevine nursery in the world.

hangar

hanger

 We first toured various empty hangars which Stefano explained would be at times full with the 800 seasonal staff the VCR takes on each year.

The place is vast. It has to be. 85 million vines are sold from here each year, in Italy and all over the world including countries one might not expect such as Poland and Russia.

including some Pinot Nero

Bunches are shipped to the southern hemisphere during our northern hemisphere summer.

cold store

The rest of the vines are held in cold store and are brought out only when shipped to their destinations.

Schioppettino

neatly labelled of course. Evidence of a huge undertaking.

waxes

Here and there evidence of ongoing research and development as here with different waxes for grafting.

Then on to what was for us perhaps the most fascinating area, the facility for micro-vinification.

Here were tanks of various sizes

50l.

the smallest being only 50 litres. At a tasting promised to round off our visit evidence of a master hand at microvinification was in every bottle.

Damigiani also

No less than 350 micro-vinifications are made at Rauscedo every year. Other institutions don't match the success rate of Rauscedo in this very difficult process it seems to us.

babies

Outside we visited an enormous building for the propagation of baby vines.

one of many unending avenues

to see the experimental vines in their later stages of development we had to hop into Stefano's car

all vines are irrigated and fed by unseen sources

the rellising is a marvel to behold. Here was vinegrowing on an epic scale (1,563 Ha.), complete with an amazing system for protection against birds.

building for the future

There was also a site for new research buildings. We also passed fields of roostocks (1,400 Ha.).

tasting room with temperature controlled cabinets

Back indoors we were ushered into the exquisite tasting room where Stefano selected several desease-resistant varietal wines he considered relevant to the climate in the South of England.

Sauvignon Nepsis and Sauvignon Rytos were unmistakenly Sauvignons but we were looking for something different.

We were tremendously excited to have found it in this. Soreli ('sun' in Friulian dialect) is from Tocai Friulano or Friulano as we must now call it. It has a very early ripening time in Rauscedo - August 22nd. This microvinification produced a wine of 13.2% Abv with 6.2 acid and 3.3 PH readings. The wine is delicate and floral. We have decided to grub up our 25 year old Bacchus and replant with Soreli next year. This may be one of the first if not the very first planting of Soreli (or any Rauscedo clone?) in the UK.

We were also offered tastings of Sauvignon Kretos (ripening time August 11th!), Merlot Khorus (August 31st), Cabernet Volos ('average' ripening time) and the following clones so far without names;

VCR 109.052 (ripened 30th August)
VCR156.312  (11th October)
VCR 156.537 (5th October) 

All fascinating. The VCR 156.537 (from Pinot Noir) was especially good. We have already replanted our red block with the Blattner Cabernet Noir so were only looking for a white variety.

It had been kind of Stefano to open so many bottles. We asked him what would happen to them after our departure. He answered with a shrug. We hope the remains would be given to staff with their lunches. The wines were certainly much too good to pour away.

The VCR website sums up 'Experimentation; the true power of innovation' as follows;

The secret of VCR’s primacy lies in the never-ending search of new varieties, clones and crossings that can give better and better results for the growers. Vivai Cooperativi Rauscedo have gone through all the major strands of the research in the grapevine nursery domain, such as: from micropropagation to green-grafting, health checks through Elisa test and PCR, from cloning with weak selective pressure to the characterization of the clones through the evaluation of fine parameters. A decisive contribution to the improvement of quality are offered by Vivai Cooperativi Rauscedo also through the 350 microvinifications that are performed annually in the VCR Experimental Winery: they allow a constant check on the oenological potential of the different Italian and foreign clones that are the object of the multiplication; tasting sessions are also an opportunity for a fruitful dialogue between winemakers, growers and nurserymen in the interest of the entire wine industry...

In addition, in 2006 Vivai Cooperativi Rauscedo, as a financing partner, joined the project "Sequencing and Characterisation of the Grapevine Genome" of the Institute of Applied Genomics of Udine, believing it will be crucial to be able to benefit in the medium-to-long term the results of a research aimed at obtaining disease-resistant varieties through hybridization. The innovation and scientific experimentation are therefore the true engine for VCR’s growth, because they allow growers in all wine-growing areas of the world to improve the quality of their products through the use of VCR clones and grafted vines.

And under the heading 'The Original VCR Clones,' this fascinating article:

Since 1960 the VIVAI COOPERATIVI RAUSCEDO has been selecting its own original clones: a very important strategic choice aimed to make a large quantity of their own selections available to growers, additionally to the clones selected by the Public Research Institutes. In 1990, following the enormous success of the "Rauscedo" series, that still boasts some excellent clones clones such as the Cabernet Sauvignon Rauscedo 5, Chardonnay Rauscedo 8, Sangiovese Rauscedo 24, Sauvignon Rauscedo 3, etc., the approval process for the "VCR" clones started.

These biotypes are distinguished primarily by the sanitary tests covering all the more dangerous and widespread viral organisms afflicting vineyards and, in particular, the fanleaf virus, leafroll disease and rugose wood complex, and by the great care taken at the genetic level in the identification of biotypes able to satisfy the quantitative and qualitative needs of modern viticulture. But the clonal selection activities of Vivai Cooperativi Rauscedo have not only concerned the local and international varieties grown in Italy, but also those relating to the most important wine-producing countries abroad.

By the end of the 1980s, intensive varietal exploration commenced in Greece involving famous native vines like Mandilari, Liatiko, Vidiano, Limnio, Moschofilero, Aghiorghitiko, in Serbia and Montenegro with Prokupac, Vranac, Kratošija and Krstac, in the Czech Republic with the Moravia varieties which is the par excellence wine-growing region of that country, and has recently begun selection work with Crimea and Azerbaijan varieties.